Pistachio Tree

The pistachio tree is a plant with two legs, male and female flowers separated from each other and on a separate tree. Inflorescence of pistachio tree is generally clustered and in male cluster the flowers are compact and dense. There are more flowers than there are in the female cluster, which is a long distance from each other, so they form clusters of florets.

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The female flowers have one ovary and one egg, but the stigmas are branched and have three branches. Leaves of pistachio tree consist of 5 to 7 leaves. The root of the tree is axial and vertical and sinks to a depth of more than two meters. Inoculation of female flowers by wind.

The pistachio tree is resistant to severe winter cold and high summer heat. Pistachio tree is not compatible with humid air and soil. Excessive moisture in the soil causes gum disease and tree collar rot, which gradually weakens the tree and eventually dries up. Pistachio tree is highly resistant to dehydration and drought so that old trees can survive without irrigation for a very long time (happiness of several decades).

The best soil for planting pistachio tree is light limestone soils. In light soils, fertilizer application is satisfactory for harvesting, but in heavy clay soils that retain high moisture content for a long time, planting of this plant does not produce a satisfactory result and the crop yield will not be significant. The pistachio tree partly tolerates soil salinity.

1. Irrigation
   Although pistachio is very resistant to water, it should not be neglected, especially at an early age. On average, depending on the soil texture for irrigation water retention depending on the age of the tree is recommended: (except winter)
   Tree 1 to 3 years old: irrigation circuit 7-10 days
   Tree aged 3 to 6 years: irrigation circuit 12 to 20 days
   Tree up to 6 years old: One month’s irrigation circuit
   It should be noted that when the irrigation circuit is one month, a large amount of water is given to the tree in each irrigation to allow moisture to completely penetrate the soil depth.
2. prune
   Pruning means cutting off extra branches and doing this in winter. After the tree is formed in the years following transplanting and before fruiting, pruning is important, which involves branching, branching, and removing pests.
   Pruning causes the fruit of the tree to coarse and partly bear fruit in different years.
3. Fertilization
   The sheep and cow manure used must be completely rotten. Chicken manure should also be mixed with sheep or cow manure and buried in a groove of at least 40 cm deep depending on the age of the tree and 40 cm wide at the end of the umbrella. The fertilizing season is the winter sleeping season of the trees.
   Mixing whole chemical fertilizer (N-p-K) with animal manure is also desirable.
4. Causes of Pistachio Nuts
   The absence of male pollen due to male deficiency is the most important cause of pistachio osteoporosis, and you should plant one male tree in the garden for every 10 to 15 female trees. Be sure to do artificial pollination if the male tree is deficient.
   2- Lack of proper care and attention to the trees, such as low and irregular watering, lack of animal manure and pruning of trees and overcoming pests in the garden will cause pistachio kernels to fill up or sprout next year.
5. Harvesting pistachios
   Harvest the pistachio when it is complete.
   2. Start harvesting in the early hours of the day and place the harvested product under a shade or cool place.
   3 – Remove pest-infested areas in a separate garden.
   4- Transfer the harvested product immediately to the pistachio processing centers, which are fully automated and hygienic so that it can be peeled and separated immediately. This way the hard shell color of white pistachio will have a good market.

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