supply chain of Iranian pistachio Traditionally, the supply chain of Iranian pistachio includes producers, processing industries, packaging industries, transportation industries, wholesalers, retailers, and intermediaries.   (Figure 1). Meanwhile, some intermediaries, while not having an effective function in creating added value, have the role of facilitator or service provider. The activity of these middlemen in the supply chain increases the intermediation frequencies, entangles the complexity of relationships between supply chain partners,...